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- <text id=91TT2054>
- <title>
- Sep. 16, 1991: Democrats as Cannibals
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1991
- Sep. 16, 1991 Can This Man Save Our Schools?
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- BOOKS, Page 72
- Democrats as Cannibals
- </hdr><body>
- <p>Two merciless new books explore why the party of the working class
- does not seem to work anymore
- </p>
- <p>By Laurence I. Barrett
- </p>
- <p> Among Democrats' tribal practices during the past two
- decades, supping on their losing presidential candidate has
- become hard custom. The party not only deprives its recent
- champion the ancient role of shadow leader; it also devours him
- as the solitary symbol of defeat. From George McGovern to
- Michael Dukakis, the nominees ran flawed campaigns. But by
- always heaping all the blame on their latest loser, the
- Democrats conduct an exercise in denial. That allows the party
- to ignore the collective blunders that explain why it has lost
- five of the past six presidential elections.
- </p>
- <p> Now, as the Democrats listlessly begin the 1992 nomination
- ritual, two new books examine the party's distress with
- merciless precision. Thomas Byrne Edsall's Chain Reaction: The
- Impact of Race, Rights, and Taxes on American Politics (Norton;
- 340 pages; $22.95) and Peter Brown's Minority Party: Why
- Democrats Face Defeat in 1992 and Beyond (Regnery Gateway; 352
- pages; $21.95) track the Democratic coalition's decay since the
- 1960s, when the white middle class began to defect. The
- increasing militancy of the civil rights movement--soon
- followed by gays, feminists and other groups demanding equity--speeded the exodus.
- </p>
- <p> From Harry Truman's time through Lyndon Johnson's, the
- party's presidential wing expanded its role as protector of
- society's stepchildren. That worked politically as long as
- reforms were seen as reversing blatant injustices and as long
- as the economy grew fast enough to raise nearly everyone's
- standard of living. Those critical caveats finally evaporated.
- As demands for equality of diverse kinds grew more strident,
- changing economic trends and federal tax policy began to enrage
- Middle Americans who had been the core of Democratic majorities.
- </p>
- <p> Meanwhile, the old liberal wing surrendered the nominating
- machinery to left-leaning activists who never met a grievance
- they would not embrace. Edsall recalls a seminal line from the
- 1972 platform: "We must restructure the social, political and
- economic relationships throughout the entire society in order
- to ensure the equitable distribution of wealth and power." To
- many white voters, that approach--fleshed out in government
- regulations and court decisions--was perceived as meaning
- fewer rewards for them and more for undeserving recipients of
- federal largesse.
- </p>
- <p> Edsall and Brown cover much of the same ground in reaching
- a common conclusion: the myopia of Democratic leaders
- contributed heavily to a rearrangement of social allegiances.
- Democrats can prosper in national elections only when they
- persuade the middle classes to unite with the lower classes. But
- Democratic fecklessness enabled the Republicans to woo the
- middle classes into a union with the wealthy on Election Day.
- </p>
- <p> The authors approach their subject from different
- perspectives. Brown, who writes for Scripps-Howard News Service,
- emphasizes the view from the ground up and adopts a snarly tone.
- Edsall, a Washington Post reporter who has written extensively
- on political sociology, provides a broader historical analysis
- from the top down. His attitude is more mournful than damning.
- </p>
- <p> In Minority Party, Brown introduces ordinary citizens
- whose hopes, fears and prejudices explain much about today's
- politics. We hear from two skilled hardhats who get along well
- on the job and whose life-styles would indicate similar
- political views. But Justin Darr, a white defector from the
- Democrats, objects to intrusive government programs. Howard
- Jeffers, who is black, remains loyal to the party he sees as
- protecting the little guy. Brown points out that when the
- Democratic National Committee sponsored a massive opinion survey
- in 1985, seeking ways to recapture voters like Darr, the results
- were suppressed for fear of offending minority leaders. The
- author even chastises the party for selecting a well-qualified
- black as national chairman; bad imagery, Brown insists.
- </p>
- <p> Edsall's Chain Reaction is particularly strong in tracing
- the conservative movement's adroitness in exploiting liberals'
- errors. The right wing's basic tenets changed little between
- 1964 and 1980. Yet while Barry Goldwater came across as a
- reactionary, Ronald Reagan established himself as spokesman for
- Everyman. Reagan altered some nuances, to be sure, but the major
- change in the interim was that many citizens had lost confidence
- in Washington as a fount of social progress.
- </p>
- <p> During the same period, Edsall argues persuasively, the
- Democratic leadership refused to face the political implications
- of the emerging black underclass. Daniel Patrick Moynihan, as
- a Johnson adviser in 1965, had the prescience to describe the
- "tangle of pathology" resulting from the breakdown of ghetto
- family life. But many liberals denounced his analysis as racist.
- In failing to address unpleasant realities, the Democrats
- handed conservatives harsh symbols--from Reagan's "welfare
- queen" to the Bush campaign's Willie Horton--with which to
- stoke white fury.
- </p>
- <p> Will that anger endure, along with Republican control of
- the White House? Neither author provides a ballot of hope to
- Democrats yearning for reversal of fortune soon. But the party
- that celebrates its 200th anniversary next year has survived
- long exiles in the wilderness before. Partisans suffering
- terminal despair should recall that in 1964, speculation about
- the imminent demise of the G.O.P. came awfully cheap.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
-
-